Perlindungan Hukum Debitur Atas Agunan yang Diambil Alih BPR Berdasarkan Asas Kepastian Hukum dan Itikad Baik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30652/srr3cv72Keywords:
Rural Credit Bank, Asset Takeover, DebtorsAbstract
Asset Takeover (AYDA) is one of the mechanisms for resolving non-performing loans that is recognized in banking practice, including at Rural Credit Banks (BPR). Although normatively permitted, the implementation of AYDA often raises legal issues, especially when collateral is taken over without the debtor's consent and without going through the mechanism of executing the Right of Lien as stipulated in laws and regulations. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of debtors over collateral taken over by BPR without the debtor's consent based on the Jember District Court Decision Number 128/Pdt.Bth/2023/PN Jmr and to examine the application of the principles of legal certainty and good faith in the AYDA mechanism, particularly in the creditor's obligation to act honestly and fairly towards the debtor during the collateral takeover process, with a study of Jember District Court Decision Number 128/Pdt.Bth/2023/PN Jmr. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach and a case approach. The results of the study show that the seizure of collateral without the debtor's consent and without a valid execution procedure is contrary to the principle of legal certainty and has the potential to violate the debtor's civil rights. Furthermore, such actions do not reflect the application of the principle of good faith as stipulated in Article 1338 paragraph (3) of the Civil Code. The Jember District Court's decision emphasizes that the creditor's preferential rights based on collateral rights are not absolute and must be exercised in accordance with legal provisions and the principle of justice. Therefore, the implementation of AYDA by BPR must be carried out transparently, proportionally, and based on the principles of legal certainty and good faith in order to guarantee legal protection for debtors and maintain a balance in the legal relationship between creditors and debtors.
Agunan Yang Diambil Alih (AYDA) merupakan salah satu mekanisme penyelesaian kredit bermasalah yang dikenal dalam praktik perbankan, termasuk pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR). Meskipun secara normatif diperbolehkan, pelaksanaan AYDA sering menimbulkan persoalan hukum, khususnya ketika pengambilalihan agunan dilakukan tanpa persetujuan debitur dan tanpa melalui mekanisme eksekusi Hak Tanggungan sebagaimana diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap debitur atas agunan yang diambil alih oleh BPR tanpa persetujuan debitur Berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jember Nomor 128/Pdt.Bth/2023/PN Jmr serta mengkaji penerapan asas kepastian hukum dan asas itikad baik dalam mekanisme AYDA khususnya dalam kewajiban kreditur yang bertindak jujur dan adil terhadap debitur selama proses pengambilalihan agunan dengan studi terhadap Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jember Nomor 128/Pdt.Bth/2023/PN Jmr. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengambilalihan agunan tanpa persetujuan debitur dan tanpa prosedur eksekusi yang sah bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum serta berpotensi melanggar hak keperdataan debitur. Selain itu, tindakan tersebut tidak mencerminkan penerapan asas itikad baik sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1338 ayat (3) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jember menegaskan bahwa hak preferen kreditur berdasarkan Hak Tanggungan tidak bersifat absolut dan harus dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum serta prinsip keadilan. Oleh karena itu, pelaksanaan AYDA oleh BPR harus dilakukan secara transparan, proporsional, dan berlandaskan asas kepastian hukum serta itikad baik guna menjamin perlindungan hukum bagi debitur dan menjaga keseimbangan hubungan hukum antara kreditur dan debitur.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Eliakim Tinambunan, Roida Nababan, Sovia Simamora (Author)

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